Geotechnical Engineering
Introduction:
Mechanistic simulations are useful tools that helps to understand mechanisms of engineering and test structures before they are developed. The approach is used for testing and research, which in turn reduces risks of failure and thereby costs of construction (Yin et al. 2016). Considering the numerous variables that affect the stability of constructions, a mechanical simulation helps to identify those variables and how changes in the variables can influence the stability of the construction (Xia et al. 2018; Pelecanos et al. 2019).
The aim of the following per is to develop a mechanistic simulation for a petroleum reservoir, for its use in the oil industry. Various aspects such as the geometry of the reservoir, the static and dynamic properties of the simulation grid and the development scenario. The outcomes of the simulation would be discussed to find how the simulation can be applied to the real world and make inferences on the real designing aspect for the reservoir.
Geometry of the model:
The reservoir would be rectangular in shape, developed over an area of 14 square kilometer (3500m width and 4000m length). The reservoir top is at a height of 6100 ft. and the reservoir has a uniform section of 100 meters. The rectangular shape of the reservoir would allow optimized storage of petroleum and also help to reinforce the sides of the reservoir easily by using concrete panels to line the inner side of the reservoir (Shabdirova et al. 2019).
It is vital that information regarding the geometry of the external reservoir is considered while exploring and planning the initial development. This includes information like the seal capacity, trap configuration and reservoir base (Xu et al. 2016). While the construction is done the architecture becomes the integral part in the prediction of the reservoir quality distribution based on which primary and secondary programs of development can be developed. This architecture is vital as it creates the foundation for understanding the petro-physical properties within a three dimensional space. In most aspects, this procedure is conducted by connecting lithofacies with the properties of the content as it is associated with the process of deposition within the reservoir (Fang et al. 2019). The lithofacies of one wall is therefore set at a degree of horizontality in order to ensure continuity with the similar facies. This can help to create a continuous zone of porosity within the lithofacy. However, discontinuous a vertically associated lithofacies within one wall can cause impractical architecture for the reservoir. This can be corrected through methods of modern correlation using chronostratigraphic process that can allow continuity of the well. This approach is also called a Sequence Stratigraphy (Sun et al. 2017).
The grid that extends through the width of the reservoir can be projected in a vertically downward position where the reference plane can be set using Cartesian coordinates ( y1, y2, y3), where the defined surface coordinate y3=0. This will allow coincidence with the reference plane. Curvilinear coordinates (x1, x2, x3) specify the surfaces that line up with the reservoir surface at x3=0 as well as x3=1. The top of the reservoir surface can be estimated with x1=y1, x2=y2 and x3=0 (Yin et al. 2016).
Static and Dynamic Properties used in the simulation:
The static properties that would be used for the simulation includes the volume of the reservoir, total internal surface area, the density of the fluid content, vapor pressure of the oil, weight of the panels, amount of concrete required and the amount of steel needed. These are essentially fixed components which would remain more or less constant (Aflah et al. 2016). On the other hand the dynamic properties are the ones that can change with time and can include various aspects or measures such as the time for construction, the number of workers, the temperature of the concrete mix, and the viscosity of the concrete and the water depth of the region. Considering these aspects is necessary in order to ensure that the simulation takes into consideration the factors that can influence the stability of the structure and its usefulness as a reservoir (Zhang et al. 2018). These factors will be considered and incorporated into the overall model of simulation and its results will be used to validate the suitability of the construction project. Other factors such as the porosity of the soil, rock patterns, permeability of rock layers, and net to gross ratio also needs to be taken into consideration within the given simulation model (Anderson et al. 2018; Sun et al. 2017).
The simulation would use input such as a fixed set of values, conditions and events which can influence the system (reservoir stability) in the real-world and can predict how the system would respond to real-world scenarios. Programing language like FORTRAN or machine languages can be used to stack library elements that can be grouped together by the modeler. Additional simulation applications which can also be used in this context include DISCO, STROBOSCOPE, UM-CYCLONE, RESQUE and INSIGHT as a part of Special Purpose Simulation (SPS) (Shabdirova et l. 2019).
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Global Business Strategy
Global Business Strategy
Introduction
The Automobile industry has shaped people life and it is considered as status symbol in this modern scenario. The changes that happened over the years in automobiles industry has success story on its own through the evolution in technological advancements interior and exterior design. Automobiles have gained special place in the market.
Require to write details about the organization that will be discussed whether Nissan or BMW.
Global Business Strategy
Introduction
The Automobile industry has shaped people life and it is considered as status symbol in this modern scenario. The changes that happened over the years in automobiles industry has success story on its own through the evolution in technological advancements interior and exterior design. Automobiles have gained special place in the market.
Require to write details about the organization that will be discussed whether Nissan or BMW.
- Review of International business environment analysis techniques
The global environmental analysis and diagnosis consists of managerial decisions made by the analyzing the implication of opportunities and threats of the environmental analysis. The Business Environment is combination of Internal and external factors (Micro & Macro), Micro factors which influence business and presented within the business. These factors is under controlled of the business and could include policies of business, organization structure, participation in management, organizational culture, mission and value statement.
Whereas Macro or external factors which influence business and business has no control over them the external factors are those macro environmental factors that include Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and the Environmental factors to control the business.
Global Business Strategy
The internal and external factor like customers, suppliers, environment, government and the economical strength affects the business in the global marketplace. As per the opinion of Ashridge (2005).
There are a number of different tools we can use to analyze both the Micro &Marco factors within a business and below is the categories of those techniques:
| Macro Environment | Micro Environment |
| · PESTEL Analysis | · Porters 5 forces analysis |
| · Country Risk Analysis | · Mendelow’s stakeholder analysis |
| · Porters Diamond Analysis | · Porters 4 corners analysis |
Analysis of Micro and Macro Business Environment techniques
Macro Analysis
- PESTLE
PESTLE analysis is the tool for the marketer that analyzes the external factors of the external environment to control the business. The factors of PESTLE are Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and the Environmental, the result of this analysis will be the feeder in SWOT analysis which will determine the threats and opportunities
The political factors includes the legal considerations, regulations, and the formal and informal rules introduced by the government while international business operation takes place. While economic factors assessing the changes to an economy inflations rate, taxes and trading regulations.Social represent the culture of the society that an organization operates within. They may include demographics, age distribution, population growth rates, level of education, and living conditions.The well-developed technological environment offers a greater private sector involvement, so that the both the public and private sector partnership could lead a successful business operation. Legal factors consider the country laws that may affect the industry in areas of employment, health and safety and competitors. The last factor which is environmental factor include the infrastructure of the country, weather condition and energy cost and availability to run the organization.
